There are at least a dozen loops for a successful hike, somewhere around the lake. The best place to start is at acampground: Mount Rose campground, Marlette Peak campground, Luther Pass campground, etc.
As far as preparation is concerned, you can simplify the task by opting for a short loop, which partly solves the question of food andwater. Buy airtight packets of prepared soup-like meals; they're nutritious and won't take up much space in your bag. The shopkeepers around the lake stock them, as you're not the only one who comes here for the hike.
Choose your starting point, taking into account your vehicle's garage. Obviously, you'll need to be well equipped for walking and camping.
In this chapter of the preparation, there is also the administrative question of authorisations, because the American State has its own rules (different from French rules), and is very particular. The rangers are on the lookout.
You will also need a permit to access the national parks if you are crossing one. You should also be aware that you won't be able to build a fire, or even light a small gas stove, without a "fire permit", which you can apply for online here: