The museum houses the collection of a Peruvian archaeologist who devoted his life to finding sites and objects dating back to past civilisations. Rafael Larco Hoyle succeeded not only in establishing a chronology of pre-Incaic cultures through his collections, but also in analysing them. He has studied the various aspects of Moche culture, including architecture, religion, art and sexuality, all themes that can be found in the museum's objects.
A native of Trujillo, this archaeologist housed his discoveries in the family home, which already had a collection of 600 pieces belonging to his father, Peru's former first vice-president. In 1958, the 45,000-piece collection was moved to the Pueblo Libre district of Lima, and the archaeologist named the place the Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera, in honour of his father. The style of the building, an 18th-century colonial house with white walls, tree-lined gardens and colourful plants, was designed to reflect the spirit of the family hacienda in Trujillo.