The museum's history began with the formation of the Art Association of Montreal, whose mission was to instil a taste for the fine arts in the general public.
For decades, this group was itinerant, lacking premises to store the works they collected or that were loaned to them. In 1877, a Montreal businessman donated paintings, bronze statues and $8,000 to the association, on condition that a museum be built within 3 years. Two years later, the Governor General of Canada inaugurated the Art Association of Montreal's art gallery, a building specially designed to house an art collection.
In the early 1900s, a new gift of works from a collector forced the gallery to consider a larger space. After two years of work, the new museum opened on Sherbrooke Street, on its current site. Today, the Musée des Beaux-Arts is one of the most visited art museums in Canada.