A historic island, Île d'Orléans was the first place to be colonised by the Europeans who created New France. Before the arrival of Westerners, the Amerindians called this small piece of land off the coast of Quebec "Ouindigo". This Algonquin word translates as "bewitched corner". Fortunately, this name did not seem to harm the little piece of paradise. The first time the island was officially named, it was called "Bacchus Island", because of its wild vines. It was Jacques Cartier, the explorer who discovered Canada, who gave it this name. After changing its name several times over the centuries, it was once again Jacques Cartier who decided on its definitive name: Île d'Orléans. In naming it this way, he wanted to pay tribute to the Duke of Orléans, the son of the King of France, François I.
The island was one of the first settlements in New France. There are 600 stone houses dating from this period. They are now considered cultural heritage. The island also boasts the oldest rural church in New France, Saint-Pierre. The 1685 census counted 1,205 islanders and 917 head of livestock. In 1759, most of the inhabitants had to flee the island because of the British attack. Many people were killed.