The Mazarin district was designed in the 17th century, when Aix-en-Provence was experiencing strong demographic growth. It was therefore necessary to expand the city by creating a luxurious district for the great bourgeois of the time. Organised according to a chequered plan, its heart was the Place des Quatre-Dauphins.
At the beginning of the 18th century, the second President of the city's Court of Auditors wanted to build a private mansion worthy of his position, one that would stand out from the rest. This is how the Hôtel de Réauville, named after its owner, came into being. It is one of the few courtyard and garden residences in the old town of Aix-en-Provence, but François Rolland de Réauville died before the work was finished. The house then passed from hand to hand, until it came into the hands of Pauline de Caumont, from whom it takes its current name: the Hôtel de Caumont.