As far back as the 2nd century BC, the Saly civilisation that inhabited the region brought together Mediterranean and northern traditions. Much later, in the 14th century, Aix artists took advantage of their proximity to Avignon, and therefore to the papacy, to draw inspiration from the Italian avant-garde. When King René settled in Aix-en-Provence a century later, he attracted a number of renowned Flemish painters to his retinue.
In the 17th century, many artists made an exodus to Italy, but some, like Charles André Van Loo and Jean Daret, decided to stop their journey in Aix and settle there. And while the Parisian influence dominated the 18th century, the Provencal school asserted itself in the 19th century with artists such as Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres and François Marius Granet.